Evaluating a model for predicting active crown fire rate of spread using wildfire observations
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چکیده
We evaluated the predictive capacity of a rate of spread model for active crown fires (M.G. Cruz, M.E. Alexander, and R.H. Wakimoto. 2005. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 1626–1639) using a relatively large (n = 57) independent data set originating from wildfire observations undertaken in Canada and the United States. The assembled wildfire data were characterized by more severe burning conditions and fire behavior in terms of rate of spread and the degree of crowning activity than the data set used to parameterize the crown fire rate of spread model. The statistics used to evaluate model adequacy showed good fit and a level of uncertainty considered acceptable for a wide variety of fire management and fire research applications. The crown fire rate of spread model predicted 42% of the data with an error lower then ±25%. Mean absolute percent errors of 51% and 60% were obtained for Canadian and American wildfires, respectively. The characteristics of the data set did not allow us to determine where model performance was weaker and consequently identify its shortcomings and areas of future improvement. The level of uncertainty observed suggests that the model can be readily utilized in support of operational fire management decision making and for simulations in fire research studies. Résumé : Nous avons évalué le pouvoir de prédiction d’un modèle du taux de propagation des feux de cimes actifs (M.G. Cruz, M.E. Alexander et R.H. Wakimoto. 2005. Rev. can. rech. for. 35 : 1626–1639) à l’aide d’un jeu de données indépendantes relativement important (n = 57) provenant de l’observation de feux de forêts au Canada et aux États-Unis. Ces données étaient caractérisées par des conditions de brûlage et un comportement des feux plus sévères en termes de taux de propagation et du degré d’activité dans la cime que les données utilisées pour paramétrer le modèle. Selon les statistiques utilisées pour évaluer la justesse du modèle son ajustement est bon et son niveau d’incertitude acceptable pour une grande variété d’applications en gestion du feu et en recherche sur le feu. Le modèle du taux de propagation des feux de cimes a prédit 42 % des données avec un niveau d’erreur plus faible que ±25 %. Un pourcentage d’erreur moyenne absolue de respectivement 51 % et 60 % a été obtenu pour les feux de forêts canadiens et américains. Les caractéristiques du jeu de données ne nous ont pas permis de déterminer où la performance du modèle était la plus faible et, par conséquent, d’identifier ses limites et les possibilités d’améliorations futures. Le niveau d’incertitude observé indique que le modèle peut facilement être utilisé pour la prise de décisions opérationnelles en gestion du feu et pour effectuer des simulations dans le cadre de travaux de recherche sur le feu. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Alexander and Cruz 3028
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تاریخ انتشار 2007